Pillars and conditions
- The formula: a clear offer and acceptance (“I marry you to…” / “I accept”).
- The spouses: free of impediments (close kinship, milk kinship, or the bride being in a waiting period).
- The wali: most schools require him for the bride; the Hanafi school allows an adult woman to contract her own marriage while recommending a wali.
- Witnesses or publicity: two upright witnesses for most schools; the Maliki school accepts public announcement.
- The mahr: the bride’s right; for most jurists not a pillar but still obligatory.
وَمِنۡ ءَايَٰتِهِۦٓ أَنۡ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنۡ أَنفُسِكُمۡ أَزۡوَٰجٗا لِّتَسۡكُنُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيۡنَكُم مَّوَدَّةٗ وَرَحۡمَةًۚ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَأٓيَٰتٖ لِّقَوۡمٖ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ他的一种迹象是：他从你们的同类中为你们创造配偶，以便你们依恋她们，并且使你们互相爱悦，互相怜恤。对于能思维的民众，此中确有许多迹象。
Consent is essential: no one may be forced into marriage, and a bride must be consulted and cannot be compelled.
After the contract
- The walima (wedding feast) is recommended, according to your means.
- Maintenance and housing are the husband’s duty; the wife keeps her mahr.
- Civil registration protects your rights in Western countries. See the nikah and registration guide.
This guide is for learning, not a fatwa. Where scholars differ we show the positions of the schools; for your own situation ask a trusted scholar or Islamic centre in your country.
常见问题
Is marriage valid without a wali?
Most schools say no; the Hanafi school accepts it for an adult woman marrying an equal. Involving family is recommended in all cases.
Is the mahr required?
It is owed to the wife; if none is named, she is entitled to a customary dowry.
《古兰经》：QuranEnc；圣训译文：HadeethEnc。每条均标明出处。发现错误？请告知我们。