The struggle of the self
الْمُجَاهِدُ مَنْ جَاهَدَ نَفْسَهُ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِThe mujahid is one who strives against his own self in obedience to God.
وَجَٰهِدُواْ فِي ٱللَّهِ حَقَّ جِهَادِهِۦۚ هُوَ ٱجۡتَبَىٰكُمۡ وَمَا جَعَلَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ مِنۡ حَرَجٖۚ مِّلَّةَ أَبِيكُمۡ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَۚ هُوَ سَمَّىٰكُمُ ٱلۡمُسۡلِمِينَ مِن قَبۡلُ وَفِي هَٰذَا لِيَكُونَ ٱلرَّسُولُ شَهِيدًا عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَتَكُونُواْ شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِۚ فَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتُواْ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَٱعۡتَصِمُواْ بِٱللَّهِ هُوَ مَوۡلَىٰكُمۡۖ فَنِعۡمَ ٱلۡمَوۡلَىٰ وَنِعۡمَ ٱلنَّصِيرُ你们应当为安拉而真实地奋斗。他拣选你们，关于宗教的事，他未曾以任何烦难为你们的义务，你们应当遵循你们的祖先易卜拉欣的宗教，以前安拉称你们为穆斯林，在这部经典里他也称你们为穆斯林，以便使者为你们作证，而你们为世人作证。你们当谨守拜功，完纳天课，信托安拉，他是你们的主宰，主宰真好！助者真好！
With knowledge and word
فَلَا تُطِعِ ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ وَجَٰهِدۡهُم بِهِۦ جِهَادٗا كَبِيرٗا所以你不要顺从不归信者，你应当借此《古兰经》而与他们努力奋斗。
أَفْضَلُ الْجِهَادِ كَلِمَةُ عَدْلٍ عِنْدَ سُلْطَانٍ جَائِرٍThe best jihad is a word of justice before an unjust ruler.
Fighting: when and how
Permission to fight was given to defend the wronged who were driven from their homes, and was limited by the ban on transgression:
أُذِنَ لِلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتَلُونَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ ظُلِمُواْۚ وَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ نَصۡرِهِمۡ لَقَدِيرٌ被进攻者，已获得反抗的许可，因为他们是受压迫的。安拉对于援助他们，确是全能的。
وَقَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ وَلَا تَعۡتَدُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُعۡتَدِينَ你们当为主道而抵抗进攻你们的人，你们不要过分，因为安拉必定不喜爱过分者。
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِThe Messenger of God ﷺ forbade the killing of women and children.
When the word is misused
Extremist groups that kill civilians in the name of jihad violate these limits; senior Muslim scholars and institutions have condemned them, and most of their victims are Muslims.
常见问题
Is jihad a “holy war”?
That is not its definition: jihad is broader than fighting, fighting has conditions and ethics, and “holy war” is a Western phrase that does not match the meaning.
原文和译文正在接受学者审阅。