Marrying a non-Muslim: what scholars say

Most scholars permit a Muslim man to marry a chaste Jewish or Christian woman, but not a polytheist. A Muslim woman may not marry a non-Muslim man, by consensus of scholars. Many contemporary scholars also advise careful thought about children and faith in such marriages.

A Muslim man and a Jewish or Christian woman

Quran
ٱلۡيَوۡمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَٰتُۖ وَطَعَامُ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ حِلّٞ لَّكُمۡ وَطَعَامُكُمۡ حِلّٞ لَّهُمۡۖ وَٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنَٰتِ وَٱلۡمُحۡصَنَٰتُ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُواْ ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ إِذَآ ءَاتَيۡتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحۡصِنِينَ غَيۡرَ مُسَٰفِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِيٓ أَخۡدَانٖۗ وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِٱلۡإِيمَٰنِ فَقَدۡ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُۥ وَهُوَ فِي ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلۡخَٰسِرِينَ

Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:5
  • A “woman of the Book” is one who follows Judaism or Christianity and is chaste.
  • Many scholars say a Muslim wife is preferable, especially in Western countries because of raising children.
  • The wife is not forced to change faith and keeps her own worship.

A Muslim woman and a non-Muslim man

Quran
وَلَا تَنكِحُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكَٰتِ حَتَّىٰ يُؤۡمِنَّۚ وَلَأَمَةٞ مُّؤۡمِنَةٌ خَيۡرٞ مِّن مُّشۡرِكَةٖ وَلَوۡ أَعۡجَبَتۡكُمۡۗ وَلَا تُنكِحُواْ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ حَتَّىٰ يُؤۡمِنُواْۚ وَلَعَبۡدٞ مُّؤۡمِنٌ خَيۡرٞ مِّن مُّشۡرِكٖ وَلَوۡ أَعۡجَبَكُمۡۗ أُوْلَٰٓئِكَ يَدۡعُونَ إِلَى ٱلنَّارِۖ وَٱللَّهُ يَدۡعُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلۡجَنَّةِ وَٱلۡمَغۡفِرَةِ بِإِذۡنِهِۦۖ وَيُبَيِّنُ ءَايَٰتِهِۦ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ

Surah Al-Baqarah 2:221

This is the consensus of jurists. If the man becomes Muslim, the marriage proceeds on the usual conditions. For a woman who already is married and converts, see the new Muslim marriage guide.

Other faiths and no faith

Marrying a woman of another religion or none (for example Buddhist, Hindu or atheist) is not permitted at the outset according to most scholars. For converts already married to such a spouse, see the positions in the new Muslim marriage guide.

This guide is for learning, not a fatwa. Where scholars differ we show the positions of the schools; for your own situation ask a trusted scholar or Islamic centre in your country.

Frequently asked questions

Why can’t a Muslim woman marry a Christian or Jewish man?

The Quran prohibits it; scholars explain that Islam honours all prophets, so a Christian or Jewish wife is safe in her faith in a Muslim home, whereas the reverse is not guaranteed.

Quran text and translations: QuranEnc. Hadith translations: HadeethEnc. Sources are shown on each item. Found a mistake? Tell us.