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What do Muslims believe about the afterlife?

Short answerMuslims believe this life is a test, that every person dies and will be resurrected on the Day of Judgment and judged justly for their deeds. Those with faith and righteous deeds enter Paradise by God’s mercy, while those who chose disbelief and injustice face Hell. Details such as the barzakh, the scale and the bridge are established in authentic texts.

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Death and the barzakh

Every soul will taste death; after it is the barzakh until the Day of Resurrection, then the reckoning:

Quran
كُلُّ نَفۡسٖ ذَآئِقَةُ ٱلۡمَوۡتِۗ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوۡنَ أُجُورَكُمۡ يَوۡمَ ٱلۡقِيَٰمَةِۖ فَمَن زُحۡزِحَ عَنِ ٱلنَّارِ وَأُدۡخِلَ ٱلۡجَنَّةَ فَقَدۡ فَازَۗ وَمَا ٱلۡحَيَوٰةُ ٱلدُّنۡيَآ إِلَّا مَتَٰعُ ٱلۡغُرُورِ

每个生命都要尝死的滋味。在复活日,你们才得享受你们的完全的报酬。谁得远离火狱,而入乐园,谁已成功。今世的生活,只是虚幻的享受。

Aal Imran 3:185

The reckoning is just

Quran
فَمَن يَعۡمَلۡ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيۡرٗا يَرَهُۥ ۝ وَمَن يَعۡمَلۡ مِثۡقَالَ ذَرَّةٖ شَرّٗا يَرَهُۥ

行一个微尘重的善事者,将见其善报; 作一个微尘重的恶事者,将见其恶报。

Az-Zalzalah 99:7–8

Paradise (Jannah)

Hadith
قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: أَعْدَدْتُ لِعِبَادِي الصَّالِحِينَ مَا لَا عَيْنٌ رَأَتْ، وَلَا أُذُنٌ سَمِعَتْ، وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلَى قَلْبِ بَشَرٍ

God Almighty said: I have prepared for My righteous servants what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no human heart has imagined.

Al-Bukhari 3244, Muslim 2824

Hell (Jahannam)

Hell is a place of justice for those who rejected and wronged. Muslims hope for God’s mercy and fear His punishment. According to most Sunni scholars, it is not eternal for everyone who enters: those with faith in their hearts are brought out by God’s mercy after what they deserve.

The door of mercy and repentance

Islam stresses that God’s mercy is vast, that sincere repentance wipes sins away, and that despair of God’s mercy is itself a grave sin.

常见问题

Do Muslims believe in destiny?

Yes; they also believe humans have will, choice and responsibility for their actions.

原文和译文正在接受学者审阅。