Core principles
- No riba: no stipulated excess on a loan.
- Avoiding excessive gharar: contracts with major uncertainty in price or subject matter.
- No maysir: gambling.
- Linking finance to real assets and real economic benefit.
- Sharing profit and loss rather than guaranteeing a fixed return on capital.
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَذَرُواْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ ٱلرِّبَوٰٓاْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَО вы, которые уверовали! Бойтесь Аллаха и оставьте то, что осталось из лихвы, если вы являетесь верующими.
Common structures
| Structure | How it works |
|---|---|
| Murabaha | The bank buys the goods and sells them to you at a disclosed mark-up, payable in instalments. |
| Ijara | The bank leases you an asset such as a home or car, sometimes ending in ownership. |
| Mudaraba | One party provides capital and the other effort; profit is shared as agreed, loss is borne by the capital provider. |
| Musharaka | A partnership in capital and effort; profit by agreement, loss in proportion to capital. |
| Sukuk | Certificates representing a share in assets or usufruct, not interest-bearing debt. |
| Takaful | An alternative to conventional insurance based on mutual cooperation and donation among participants. |
Halal investing: how a stock is screened
Shariah boards screen companies on two fronts: business activity (no alcohol, gambling, interest-based finance, pork or other prohibited lines) and financial ratios (limits on debt and interest income). Standards differ between boards, so if you are unsure, choose a fund or index certified by a known Shariah authority.
Zakat applies yearly to shares you trade, on market value, and — for long-term holdings — on your share of the company’s zakatable assets according to some scholars.
Cautions
- Not every product labelled “Islamic” is genuinely compliant; read the contract and ask about the Shariah board.
- Avoid promises of guaranteed high returns; they signal fraud or disguised interest.
- What we present is educational and is not investment or legal advice.
Частые вопросы
Is a conventional mortgage haram?
Most contemporary scholars consider interest-based mortgages riba, hence alternatives such as ijara-to-own and murabaha exist. Necessity rulings vary by situation, so ask a mufti.
Are stocks halal?
Yes, if the company’s business is permissible and its debt and impure income are within Shariah-board limits, with the impure portion purified.
What is the ruling on cryptocurrencies?
Contemporary scholars differ: some allow them under conditions, others prohibit them due to gharar and speculation. Refer to a reputable ruling in your country.
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