Core principles
- No riba: no stipulated excess on a loan.
- Avoiding excessive gharar: contracts with major uncertainty in price or subject matter.
- No maysir: gambling.
- Linking finance to real assets and real economic benefit.
- Sharing profit and loss rather than guaranteeing a fixed return on capital.
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ ٱتَّقُواْ ٱللَّهَ وَذَرُواْ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ ٱلرِّبَوٰٓاْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤۡمِنِينَO die ihr glaubt, fürchtet Allah und laßt das sein, was an Zins(geschäften) noch übrig ist, wenn ihr gläubig seid.
Common structures
| Structure | How it works |
|---|---|
| Murabaha | The bank buys the goods and sells them to you at a disclosed mark-up, payable in instalments. |
| Ijara | The bank leases you an asset such as a home or car, sometimes ending in ownership. |
| Mudaraba | One party provides capital and the other effort; profit is shared as agreed, loss is borne by the capital provider. |
| Musharaka | A partnership in capital and effort; profit by agreement, loss in proportion to capital. |
| Sukuk | Certificates representing a share in assets or usufruct, not interest-bearing debt. |
| Takaful | An alternative to conventional insurance based on mutual cooperation and donation among participants. |
Halal investing: how a stock is screened
Shariah boards screen companies on two fronts: business activity (no alcohol, gambling, interest-based finance, pork or other prohibited lines) and financial ratios (limits on debt and interest income). Standards differ between boards, so if you are unsure, choose a fund or index certified by a known Shariah authority.
Zakat applies yearly to shares you trade, on market value, and — for long-term holdings — on your share of the company’s zakatable assets according to some scholars.
Cautions
- Not every product labelled “Islamic” is genuinely compliant; read the contract and ask about the Shariah board.
- Avoid promises of guaranteed high returns; they signal fraud or disguised interest.
- What we present is educational and is not investment or legal advice.
Häufige Fragen
Is a conventional mortgage haram?
Most contemporary scholars consider interest-based mortgages riba, hence alternatives such as ijara-to-own and murabaha exist. Necessity rulings vary by situation, so ask a mufti.
Are stocks halal?
Yes, if the company’s business is permissible and its debt and impure income are within Shariah-board limits, with the impure portion purified.
What is the ruling on cryptocurrencies?
Contemporary scholars differ: some allow them under conditions, others prohibit them due to gharar and speculation. Refer to a reputable ruling in your country.
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