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Mathematics & Algebra
Al-Karaji
Persian algebraist — 953–1029 CE
Author of Al-Fakhri fi al-Jabr, in which he freed algebra from Euclid's geometric style and set it on the path of symbolic calculation, explaining operations on radical quantities. His Al-Kafi fi al-Hisab served merchants and accountants in practice, making him the bridge between al-Khwarizmi and modern notation.