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Philosophy & Logic
Al-Farabi
The Second Teacher — 872–950 CE / Farab & Damascus
Named the Second Teacher after Aristotle for the power of his explanations and logical method. Author of The Opinions of the People of the Virtuous City, which founded Islamic political philosophy, and The Great Book of Music, which codified musical theory and modes; his criticism and exposition of Aristotle became the basis of European scholastic thought.