The word and the greeting
“Islam” derives from the root s-l-m, which carries the meanings of safety, peace and surrender to God. Muslims greet one another with “as-salāmu ʿalaykum,” and As-Salām (The Peace) is one of the names of God. The Prophet ﷺ made spreading peace a part of faith:
لَا تَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا، وَلَا تُؤْمِنُوا حَتَّى تَحَابُّوا، أَوَلَا أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ إِذَا فَعَلْتُمُوهُ تَحَابَبْتُمْ؟ أَفْشُوا السَّلَامَ بَيْنَكُمْYou will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I tell you something that, if you do it, you will love one another? Spread peace among yourselves.
The sanctity of life
The Quran teaches that killing one innocent person is as if one had killed all of humanity, and saving one life is as if one had saved all of humanity:
مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبۡنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ أَنَّهُۥ مَن قَتَلَ نَفۡسَۢا بِغَيۡرِ نَفۡسٍ أَوۡ فَسَادٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗا وَمَنۡ أَحۡيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَآ أَحۡيَا ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗاۚ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُنَا بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنۡهُم بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ لَمُسۡرِفُونَComo consecuencia [de este asesinato], legislé para los Hijos de Israel que: “Quien tome una vida, excepto que sea como castigo por cometer un asesinato o sembrado la corrupción en la Tierra, es como si hubiera matado a toda la humanidad. Pero quien salva una vida es como si hubiera salvado a toda la humanidad”. Mis Mensajeros se presentaron ante ellos con pruebas claras [de la ley], pero muchos de ellos siguen cometiendo graves excesos en el mundo.
Dealing with non-Muslims
Islam does not forbid kindness and justice toward those who do not fight Muslims over their faith; the Quran says God loves this:
لَّا يَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَلَمۡ يُخۡرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمۡ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمۡ وَتُقۡسِطُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَDios no les prohíbe hacer el bien y tratar con justicia a quienes no los han combatido por causa de la religión ni los han expulsado de sus hogares, porque Dios ama a los que actúan con justicia.
مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهَدًا لَمْ يَرِحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا تُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًاWhoever kills a person under a covenant of protection will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, though its fragrance can be perceived from a distance of forty years.
Fighting: what is permitted and forbidden
Islam is not absolute pacifism: it permits repelling aggression, but binds it with strict ethical limits. The Quran allows fighting those who fight you, and forbids transgression:
وَقَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ وَلَا تَعۡتَدُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُعۡتَدِينَY combatan por la causa de Dios a quienes los agredan, pero no se excedan, porque Dios no ama a los agresores.
The Prophet ﷺ forbade killing women and children:
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِThe Messenger of God ﷺ forbade the killing of women and children.
Verses often quoted out of context
Some critics, and some extremists too, quote the fighting verses of Surat At-Tawbah in isolation. In context they address a war with groups that had broken their treaties; the same passage exempts those who kept their treaties and commands protection for anyone who seeks safety, until he reaches a safe place:
وَإِنۡ أَحَدٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ٱسۡتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرۡهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسۡمَعَ كَلَٰمَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبۡلِغۡهُ مَأۡمَنَهُۥۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَعۡلَمُونَSi alguno de los idólatras te pidiera protección, dale asilo para que así recapacite y escuche la Palabra de Dios, luego [si no reflexiona] ayúdalo a alcanzar un lugar seguro. Esto es porque son gente que no sabe.
No hay coacción en la religión
Faith is a conviction of the heart, so no one may be forced into it:
لَآ إِكۡرَاهَ فِي ٱلدِّينِۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشۡدُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيِّۚ فَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَيُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسۡتَمۡسَكَ بِٱلۡعُرۡوَةِ ٱلۡوُثۡقَىٰ لَا ٱنفِصَامَ لَهَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌNo se puede forzar a nadie a creer en la religión: la verdad es claramente distinguible de la falsedad. Quien rechace las falsas divinidades y crea en Dios, se habrá aferrado al asidero más firme [el Islam], que es irrompible. Dios todo lo oye, todo lo sabe.
And terrorism?
Targeting and terrorising civilians is forbidden by the texts of the Quran and the Sunnah, and has been condemned by leading Muslim scholars and institutions, including Al-Azhar. Those who do it in the name of Islam contradict its texts and do not represent Muslims, and most victims of such violence worldwide are themselves Muslims.
Preguntas frecuentes
What does jihad really mean?
Linguistically jihad means striving. It includes struggling to do good and to restrain the self; as armed fighting it has strict conditions: defending against aggression, under legitimate authority, never harming non-combatants.
Is Muslim history all peaceful?
No. Like any great civilisation, Muslims have fought wars and made mistakes. The standard is the text, which forbids injustice and aggression and commands fairness even toward opponents.
Los textos y traducciones están en revisión por sabios.