The word and the greeting
“Islam” derives from the root s-l-m, which carries the meanings of safety, peace and surrender to God. Muslims greet one another with “as-salāmu ʿalaykum,” and As-Salām (The Peace) is one of the names of God. The Prophet ﷺ made spreading peace a part of faith:
لَا تَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ حَتَّى تُؤْمِنُوا، وَلَا تُؤْمِنُوا حَتَّى تَحَابُّوا، أَوَلَا أَدُلُّكُمْ عَلَى شَيْءٍ إِذَا فَعَلْتُمُوهُ تَحَابَبْتُمْ؟ أَفْشُوا السَّلَامَ بَيْنَكُمْYou will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I tell you something that, if you do it, you will love one another? Spread peace among yourselves.
The sanctity of life
The Quran teaches that killing one innocent person is as if one had killed all of humanity, and saving one life is as if one had saved all of humanity:
مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبۡنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ أَنَّهُۥ مَن قَتَلَ نَفۡسَۢا بِغَيۡرِ نَفۡسٍ أَوۡ فَسَادٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗا وَمَنۡ أَحۡيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَآ أَحۡيَا ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗاۚ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُنَا بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنۡهُم بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ لَمُسۡرِفُونَAus diesem Grunde haben Wir den Kindern Isra’ils vorgeschrieben: Wer ein menschliches Wesen tötet, ohne (daß es) einen Mord (begangen) oder auf der Erde Unheil gestiftet (hat), so ist es, als ob er alle Menschen getötet hätte. Und wer es am Leben erhält, so ist es, als ob er alle Menschen am Leben erhält. Unsere Gesandten sind bereits mit klaren Beweisen zu ihnen gekommen. Danach aber sind viele von ihnen wahrlich maßlos auf der Erde geblieben.
Dealing with non-Muslims
Islam does not forbid kindness and justice toward those who do not fight Muslims over their faith; the Quran says God loves this:
لَّا يَنۡهَىٰكُمُ ٱللَّهُ عَنِ ٱلَّذِينَ لَمۡ يُقَٰتِلُوكُمۡ فِي ٱلدِّينِ وَلَمۡ يُخۡرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَٰرِكُمۡ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمۡ وَتُقۡسِطُوٓاْ إِلَيۡهِمۡۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُقۡسِطِينَAllah verbietet euch nicht, gegenüber denjenigen, die nicht gegen euch der Religion wegen gekämpft und euch nicht aus euren Wohnstätten vertrieben haben, gütig zu sein und sie gerecht zu behandeln. Gewiß, Allah liebt die Gerechten.
مَنْ قَتَلَ مُعَاهَدًا لَمْ يَرِحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا تُوجَدُ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامًاWhoever kills a person under a covenant of protection will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, though its fragrance can be perceived from a distance of forty years.
Fighting: what is permitted and forbidden
Islam is not absolute pacifism: it permits repelling aggression, but binds it with strict ethical limits. The Quran allows fighting those who fight you, and forbids transgression:
وَقَٰتِلُواْ فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقَٰتِلُونَكُمۡ وَلَا تَعۡتَدُوٓاْۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُعۡتَدِينَUnd kämpft auf Allahs Weg gegen diejenigen, die gegen euch kämpfen, doch übertretet nicht! Allah liebt nicht die Übertreter.
The Prophet ﷺ forbade killing women and children:
نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِThe Messenger of God ﷺ forbade the killing of women and children.
Verses often quoted out of context
Some critics, and some extremists too, quote the fighting verses of Surat At-Tawbah in isolation. In context they address a war with groups that had broken their treaties; the same passage exempts those who kept their treaties and commands protection for anyone who seeks safety, until he reaches a safe place:
وَإِنۡ أَحَدٞ مِّنَ ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ٱسۡتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرۡهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسۡمَعَ كَلَٰمَ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ أَبۡلِغۡهُ مَأۡمَنَهُۥۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٞ لَّا يَعۡلَمُونَUnd wenn jemand von den Götzendienern dich um Schutz bittet, dann gewähre ihm Schutz, bis er das Wort Allahs hört. Hierauf lasse ihn den Ort erreichen, wo er in Sicherheit ist. Dies, weil sie Leute sind, die nicht Bescheid wissen.
Kein Zwang im Glauben
Faith is a conviction of the heart, so no one may be forced into it:
لَآ إِكۡرَاهَ فِي ٱلدِّينِۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ ٱلرُّشۡدُ مِنَ ٱلۡغَيِّۚ فَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِٱلطَّٰغُوتِ وَيُؤۡمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ فَقَدِ ٱسۡتَمۡسَكَ بِٱلۡعُرۡوَةِ ٱلۡوُثۡقَىٰ لَا ٱنفِصَامَ لَهَاۗ وَٱللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌEs gibt keinen Zwang im Glauben. (Der Weg der) Besonnenheit ist nunmehr klar unterschieden von (dem der) Verirrung. Wer also falsche Götter verleugnet, jedoch an Allah glaubt, der hält sich an der festesten Handhabe, bei der es kein Zerreißen gibt. Und Allah ist Allhörend und Allwissend.
And terrorism?
Targeting and terrorising civilians is forbidden by the texts of the Quran and the Sunnah, and has been condemned by leading Muslim scholars and institutions, including Al-Azhar. Those who do it in the name of Islam contradict its texts and do not represent Muslims, and most victims of such violence worldwide are themselves Muslims.
Häufige Fragen
What does jihad really mean?
Linguistically jihad means striving. It includes struggling to do good and to restrain the self; as armed fighting it has strict conditions: defending against aggression, under legitimate authority, never harming non-combatants.
Is Muslim history all peaceful?
No. Like any great civilisation, Muslims have fought wars and made mistakes. The standard is the text, which forbids injustice and aggression and commands fairness even toward opponents.
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