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Does Islam permit terrorism or killing innocents?

Short answerNo. The Quran treats killing an innocent person as killing all of humanity, and the Prophet ﷺ forbade killing women, children and those under a treaty. What extremist groups do in killing civilians contradicts the texts of Islam and has been condemned by leading Muslim scholars and institutions.

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The Quran

Quran
مِنۡ أَجۡلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبۡنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِيٓ إِسۡرَٰٓءِيلَ أَنَّهُۥ مَن قَتَلَ نَفۡسَۢا بِغَيۡرِ نَفۡسٍ أَوۡ فَسَادٖ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗا وَمَنۡ أَحۡيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَآ أَحۡيَا ٱلنَّاسَ جَمِيعٗاۚ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَتۡهُمۡ رُسُلُنَا بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ كَثِيرٗا مِّنۡهُم بَعۡدَ ذَٰلِكَ فِي ٱلۡأَرۡضِ لَمُسۡرِفُونَ

Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely. And whoever saves one - it is as if he had saved mankind entirely. And Our messengers had certainly come to them with clear proofs. Then indeed many of them, [even] after that, throughout the land, were transgressors.

Al-Ma'idah 5:32

The Sunnah

Hadith
نَهَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَنْ قَتْلِ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ

The Prophet ﷺ forbade the killing of women and children.

Ibn Umar · Al-Bukhari, Muslim
Hadith
مَنْ قَتَلَ نَفْسًا مُعَاهَدًا لَمْ يَرِحْ رَائِحَةَ الْجَنَّةِ

Whoever kills a person under a covenant will not smell the fragrance of Paradise.

Abdullah ibn Amr · Al-Bukhari
Hadith
الْمُسْلِمُ مَنْ سَلِمَ النَّاسُ مِنْ لِسَانِهِ وَيَدِهِ، وَالْمُؤْمِنُ مَنْ أَمِنَهُ النَّاسُ عَلَى دِمَائِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ

The Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand people are safe, and the believer is the one whom people trust with their lives and wealth.

Abu Hurayrah · An-Nasai, At-Tirmidhi; graded sound by al-Albani

Frequently asked questions

Why do some Muslims commit violence?

For political and ideological reasons, not because Islam commands it; most of their victims are Muslims themselves.

Quran text and translations: QuranEnc. Hadith translations: HadeethEnc. Sources are shown on each item. Found a mistake? Tell us.