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What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

Short answerThe five pillars of Islam are: the declaration of faith (there is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God), establishing the five daily prayers, paying zakat (obligatory charity), fasting in Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Makkah for those able to go. The Prophet ﷺ described them as the foundation of the religion, joining devotion to God, kindness to people and self-discipline.

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The foundational hadith

Hadith
بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ: شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ، وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، وَالْحَجِّ، وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ

Islam is built upon five: testifying that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God, establishing prayer, paying zakat, performing Hajj, and fasting Ramadan.

Al-Bukhari 8, Muslim 16

1. The Shahada

The key to entering Islam: “I bear witness that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God.” It means worshipping God alone and accepting the Prophet’s ﷺ message.

2. Prayer (Salah)

Five prayers each day and night, a direct link between the servant and his Lord.

Quran
فَإِذَا قَضَيۡتُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ فَٱذۡكُرُواْ ٱللَّهَ قِيَٰمٗا وَقُعُودٗا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِكُمۡۚ فَإِذَا ٱطۡمَأۡنَنتُمۡ فَأَقِيمُواْ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَۚ إِنَّ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ كَانَتۡ عَلَى ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ كِتَٰبٗا مَّوۡقُوتٗا

Когда вы завершите молитву, то поминайте Аллаха стоя, сидя и лёжа на боках, а когда обретёте спокойствие, то совершайте молитву должным образом. Воистину, молитва для верующих — предписание в установленное время.

An-Nisa 4:103

3. Zakat

An obligatory charity from those who are able, a set share of savings above a minimum threshold (2.5% of qualifying wealth held for a lunar year) given to the poor and needy, purifying wealth and the soul and building solidarity.

4. Fasting in Ramadan

Muslims fast during Ramadan from dawn to sunset, abstaining from food, drink and other invalidators as an act of worship.

Quran
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ ٱلصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُونَ

О вы, которые уверовали! Вам предписан пост, как он был предписан тем, которые были до вас, — быть может, вы станете богобоязненными.

Al-Baqarah 2:183

5. Hajj

A pilgrimage to Makkah in set days, required once in a lifetime for those who are physically and financially able. Muslims from every corner of the earth gather in simple, uniform garments.

Quran
فِيهِ ءَايَٰتُۢ بَيِّنَٰتٞ مَّقَامُ إِبۡرَٰهِيمَۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُۥ كَانَ ءَامِنٗاۗ وَلِلَّهِ عَلَى ٱلنَّاسِ حِجُّ ٱلۡبَيۡتِ مَنِ ٱسۡتَطَاعَ إِلَيۡهِ سَبِيلٗاۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ ٱلۡعَٰلَمِينَ

В нём — ясные знамения, [среди которых] место Ибрахима. Кто войдёт в него, будет в безопасности. На людях пред Аллахом лежит обязанность совершить хадж к Дому — для тех, кто способен проделать к нему путь. А если кто отверг, то, воистину, Аллах — не нуждающийся в мирах».

Aal Imran 3:97

Частые вопросы

What is the difference between the pillars of Islam and the articles of faith?

The pillars of Islam are five outward acts; the articles of faith are six beliefs of the heart: belief in God, His angels, books, messengers, the Last Day and divine decree.

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